Pro Gun Control

The topic of gun control has always been a volatile topic often discussed in politics. Gun control may be defined as any law, practice or policy proposed to restrict or limit the possession, use or production of guns by citizens of our country. The topic of gun control increased in popularity in the 1960’s when national crime rates dramatically increased. â€Å"With more than 20,000 laws on the books at the local, state and federal levels, firearms are in fact one of the most regulated products in America,† says the National Riffle Association. Can Gun Control Work? pg. 19) The argument for gun control is that it will lower the crime rates nationally, increase prevention of suicides as well as avoid illegal obtaining of guns. â€Å"A policy that reduces the availability of handguns will reduce the amount of firearms violence. † (How Can Gun Violence Be Reduced; pg. 11) However I do not agree with this argument. â€Å"Gun confiscation leads to a loss of freedom, increased crime, and the government moving to the left. (How Can Gun Violence Be Reduced; pg. 18) My position on the topic of gun control is that an increase in gun control will not only infringe on our rights as a citizen (i. e. the second Amendment), it will also increase the crime rates because many people who use guns for violence will turn to other illegal means to obtain their firearm, and the increase use of the black market will impair our economy. Violent crime is what makes guns a big social problem and causes the motivation for gun control. There is a gun crisis in the United States. Between 1933 and 1982, nearly one million Americans were killed by firearms in murders, suicides and accidents. Since 1960 alone, more than half a million have died as a result of gun injuries. In 1992, at least 35,000 died in gunfire. Today, among all consumer products, only cars outpace guns as a cause of fatal injury, and guns will likely pass them by 2002. † (Can Gun Control Work? P g. 3)

Nursing in preventing hospital Essay

The aim of this essay is to ascertain what hospital acquired infection entails, the detrimental effects it causes and to highlight the active role nurses can take in the prevention of this type of infection. Hospital acquired (or nosocomial) infection is: ‘one that originated in the hospital environment; i.e. was not present or incubating on admission and which appeared 48h or more after admission’ (Azzam et al. 2001). Infection is caused by pathogenic organisms which invade the hosts immunological defence mechanism; this can be through wounds left by invasive procedures whereby the host’s natural body defences have been bypassed. It is the nurses’ responsibility to know the factors that can increase patients’ susceptibility to infection (i.e. age, underlying disease, drug therapy, or if they are undergoing surgery), this enables nurses to be able to assess which patients are most at risk so that they can develop a care plan and therefore they will know what extra, if any, precautions to take and protocols to follow. Sproat and Inglis (1992) cited by Mallett et al. (2000, p, 40) suggest that the assessment of a patient’s risk of infection to others, in nursing care plans, before the commencement of any procedure is a fundamental principle of infection control. The Bowell-Webster risk assessment guide for identifying patients at risk of infection (1990) cited in Alexander et al. (2000, p, 595) can be used to decide which protocols to follow. Steed (1999) states that not all nosocomial infections relate directly to the patients’ underlying disease but that many are caused by the actions of healthcare workers. Therefore great care must be taken by healthcare workers, especially nurses, who are directly involved in the care of patients. In this essay I am going to discuss the procedures followed by nurses to eradicate, if at all possible, cross infection. There are two ways of acquiring an infection in hospital: Cross (or exogenous) infection is when the infection has been spread from other people, either patients, visitors, hospital staff or even food and the surrounding environment; whereas self (or endogenous) infection is when the  infection is caused by microbes carried by the patient on their body, usually from septic areas. Compliance with universal precautions should be rigorous as to avoid spread of infection. For example, failure to change gloves between interactions with different patients can lead to the spread of disease (Piro et al. 2001). Ayliffe et al. (1992) contended that the regularity of infection in hospitals, caused by multiple types of bacteria, could increase to epidemic amounts if aseptic and hygienic measures in the hospital collapsed. According to the Healthcare-associated Infection surveillance Centre (2000) approximately 30% of nosocomial infections are due to urinary tract infections, another 30% are due to bloodstream infections, 20% due to surgical site infections and 20% due to pneumonia. These infections tend to occur during invasive procedures or when the body is very susceptible due to illness. The NHSSB infection control manual (1996) states that the inter-hospital transportation of infected patients is the main means of spreading infection and in extreme circumstances of spreading an epidemic strain. The spread of infection in hospitals between patients, or between patients and staff, cannot be entirely eradicated but it can be reduced, especially by nurses using methods I will discuss later. Evidence supporting the importance of infection control can be seen in a study by Worsley (1993) cited in Mallett et al. (2000, p,47) who found that in 1991 out of 175 patients who had developed nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, 17 died and the organism was a contributing factor in a further 43 deaths. The cost of managing this outbreak was at least  £75000. Also in a study conducted by Plowman et al. (2001) they concluded that approximately 10% of patients will get infected during a stay in hospital and that this can lead to costs of up to one billion pounds per year in the U.K alone. These pieces of evidence and others (Chaudhuri, 1993) demonstrate the prevalence of nosocomial infection, the dire effects of it and also the extreme financial losses it incurs. Hospital acquired infection has many different consequences, it can: Delay or prevent recovery; Cause increased pain, discomfort and anxiety; Increase the patients stay in hospital which has financial losses due to drugs bills and extra staffing costs; Cause psychological stress as a result of long periods spent in isolation (Knowles, 1993, cited by Mallett et al. 2000, p, 47); it is demoralising for both staff, patients and their families which can lead to decreased public confidence in hospitals and doctors. Mc Millan Jackson (1999) insists that infection prevention and control is essential in healthcare settings to reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality in patients and healthcare workers. Nurses share responsibility with other healthcare professionals to reduce the risk of infection in patients. Patients have a right to be protected from preventable infection and nurses have a duty to safeguard the well-being of their patients (King, 1998, cited by Mallett et al. 2000, p, 39). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct (2002) outlines the nurses’ professional code, and also has implications for the role of the nurse in infection control, requiring them to protect patients and fellow healthcare workers from risks such as cross-infection. Clause 1 of the code informs nurses that, ‘You have a duty of care to your patients and clients, who are entitled to receive safe and competent care’. To fulfil these criteria, nurses must ensure that care is taken to ensure that dangerous or potentially harmful substances (e.g. drugs) or articles are handled and stored safely and that all equipment and appliances are properly maintained. Nurses are role models to the people with whom they come into contact, whether it is patients, visitors, students, or any healthcare workers. Therefore they should insist on compliance with basic procedures and practices as part of their job. They must assume responsibility for these practices as they are also held accountable under the NMC code of conduct and so should be at the forefront of efforts to prevent and control infections. Many infections are acquired through the patient’s own lack of knowledge of the effectiveness of simple procedure, such as hand washing, therefore the nurse has role to fulfil in providing education for patients and their families to give them a greater understanding of the importance of the need for thorough compliance of these procedures. ‘Standard precautions are designed to define a high standard of routine care that will be effective in reducing the transmission of potential pathogens between patients/ clients whilst protecting staff from pathogens carried by patients/ clients’ (NHSSB, infection control policy, 1996). General principles of infection control which all nurses must adhere to according to the Royal College of Nursing (1995) are, to: Wash hands before and after general patient care; Cover all cuts and abrasions with impermeable dressings; Use disposable gloves and aprons where necessary; Clean up spills and body fluids immediately according to local guidelines; Use and dispose of sharps safely, do not resheath needles; Dispose of clinical waste according to local guidelines; Handle and transport specimens safely by following local guidelines; Handle soiled linen according to guidelines; Use disinfection and sterilisation procedures following guidelines. Healthcare professionals need to have basic knowledge about the steps in the chain of infection to be able to determine how to control infection itself. These are: the causative agent; the reservoir; the portal of exit from reservoir; the mode of transmission from reservoir to susceptible host; the portal of entry into susceptible host; and the susceptible host. The main ways to interrupt the transmission of infection between humans and therefore break this chain is through the mode of transmission, this is achieved by: hand washing; aseptic technique; sterilisation and disinfection; and isolation procedures. Overviews of epidemiological evidence (Gould, 1991, Sharir, 2001) have shown that hand washing techniques are often inadequate and infrequent, and that the quality of hand washing is more important than the quantity (Van der  Broek et al. 2001). These conclude that hand medicated transmission is a major contributing factor in the current infection threats to hospital patients. According to RCN guidelines (1995) hands should be washed: before and after any duty which involves close contact with a patient; before and after aseptic technique or invasive procedures; after contact with body secretions/ excretions; after handling contaminated laundry or equipment; after removal of gloves, masks and aprons; before administration of food, drink and drugs; and at the end of a span of duty. Precautions adopted to destroy pathogens, prevent the spread of infection and to protect patients against infection during their stay in hospital, include the use of barrier nursing and the aseptic technique. These are adopted to increase the patient’s resistance to infection, to eradicate the sources or potential sources of infection and to minimise, or if possible stop, the means of bacterial transfer to the uninfected patient. The idea of barrier nursing is to keep an infectious patient, and materials they have been in contact with, apart from vulnerable others. This can be achieved by isolating the patient in a single room or by isolating a number of infectious patients in a purpose built ward. Another method used is to isolate patients whose immune systems are severely depressed thereby protecting them from harmful organisms. This is usually referred to as reverse barrier nursing. Aseptic technique is the use of sterile equipment and fluids, when carrying out any invasive procedure that breaches the body’s normal anatomical defences, to prevent contamination of wounds and other vulnerable sites by pathogens in the operating theatre, the ward, and other treatment areas. These procedures can only be effective if the healthcare professional, i.e. nurses who are in contact with the patients adhere to the general policies relating to the care of patients, especially infectious ones, such as hand washing and protection of personal clothing. It is my personal responsibility as a student nurse to ensure that I am fully immunised against common diseases, and diseases I may be in contact with in the  healthcare setting, if there is a vaccine available. If I feel that I am ill and suspect that my illness may put patients at risk of infection, it is my duty to inform the necessary people and to stay off work. It is also my duty to remove any jewellery (with the exception of a wedding ring) before work, to keep my nails short and clean, and to keep my hair (if long) tied back. Recent studies have proven the importance of wearing a clean uniform each day to work, and that you should ensure that your uniform is laundered at as high a temperature as the garment allows (Perry et al. 2001). During my clinical placement I had to adopt barrier nursing techniques due to a patient on my ward having Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). I was therefore required to adhere to more thorough precautions when dealing with this particular patient. Source isolation was partially used to deal with this patient as I was working in an open mental health ward, therefore the patient could only be segregated to a certain degree. The nursing staff then needed to be aware of this patient’s movement so that we were effectively able to disinfect the areas she came into contact with as detailed in the local procedure we used. During meal times this patient had her meal brought into the ward to her on a tray, once she was finished I had to follow the local procedure by washing my hands with chlorhexidine gluconate 4% before donning gloves, I then had to place her used tray in an alginate polythene bag (which dissolves in the dishwasher), where it would then have been brought to the kitchens to be cleaned separately and at a higher temperature from the usual dishes. Next I had to change my gloves and then disinfect the table and chair, at which the patient had been sitting, with Haz tab solution, then rinse the area with fresh water and let air dry. Finally I remove and dispose of my gloves appropriately and wash my hands, with chlorhexidine in 70% Isopropyl alcohol solution, and dry with paper towels. In this way staff and the other patients are protected from contamination. As I have shown many hospital acquired infections can be easily prevented by the compliance of simple procedures, thereby reducing the extra costs hospital trusts and governments have had to pay, and most importantly reducing the ill effects caused to patients and their families. Not all  hospital acquired infection can be prevented, but with nurses and other healthcare workers working together in the constant assessment and evaluation of all techniques utilised, so that they remain consistent and be improved if necessary, there is no reason why they cannot be severely reduced. In conclusion it is clear to see that it is the nurse who has the primary role in implementing procedures used for the control and prevention of infection, with the intension to curb its spread and thereby ensuring that all patients are able to be cared for in a safe environment, as is their right. REFERENCES Alexander, M.F., Fawcett, J.N. and Runciman, P.J. (editors) (2nd edition) (2000) Nursing practice: Hospital and Home – The adult. Edinburugh: Churchill Livingstone. Ayliffe, G.A.J., Lowbury, E.J.L., Geddes, A.M., Williams, J.D. (editors) (3rd edition) (1992) Control of Hospital Infection, A practical handbook. London: Chapman and Hall Medical Azzam, R. and Dramaix, M. (2001) A one-day prevalence survey of hospital- acquired infections in Lebanon. Journal of Hospital Infection, 49: 74-78. Chaudhuri, A.K. (1993) Infection control in hospitals: has its quality enhancing and cost effective role been appreciated? Journal of Hospital Infection, 25: 1-6. Gould, D. (1991) Nurses’ hands as vectors of hospital-acquired infection: a review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16: 1216-1225. Symth, E.T.M. (director) Healthcare- associated Infection Surveillance Centre (2000). Mallett, J. and Dougherty, L. (editors) (5th edition) (2000) The Royal Marsden Hospital: Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. Oxon: Blackwell Science. Mc Millan Jackson, M. Nursing Clinics of north America: Contemporary Infection Control for Nurses. The healthcare marketplace in the next millennium and nurses’ roles in infection prevention and control. Vol 34, number 2, June 1999. Northern Health and Social Services Board, (1996) infection control manual. Nursing and Midwifery Council, Code of Professional Conduct, (2002). London: NMC. Perry, C., Marshall, R. and Jones, E. (2001) Bacterial contamination of uniforms. Journal of Hospital infection, 48: 238- 241. Piro, S., Sammud, M., Badi, S. and Al Ssabi, L. (2001) Hospital acquired malaria transmitted by contaminated gloves. Journal of Hospital Infection, 47: 156-158. Plowman, R., Graves, N., Griffin, M.A.S., Roberts, J.A., Swan, A.V., Cookson, B. and Taylor, L. (2001) The rate and cost of hospital-acquired infections occurring in patients admitted to selected specialties of a district general hospital in England and the national burden imposed. Journal of Hospital infection, 47: 198- 209. Royal College of Nursing: Guidelines on Infection Control, for nurses in general practice. (1995) London: RCN. Sharir, R., Teitler, N., Lavi, I. and Raz, R. (2001) High-level handwashing compliance in a community teaching hospital: a challenge that can be met! Journal of Hospital infection, 49: 55- 58. Steed, C.J. Nursing Clinics of North America: Contemporary Infection Control for Nurses. Common infections acquired in the hospital, the nurses role in Prevention. Vol 34, Number 2, June 1999. Van der Broek, P.J., Verbakel-Salomons, E.M.A. and Bernords, A.T. (2001) Handwashing quality not quantity. Journal of Hospital Infection, 49: 297.

Economics _ Whither the Dollar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics _ Whither the Dollar - Essay Example Both see the necessity for international cooperation in determining currency exchange rates under appropriate circumstances and both provide the ability to alter exchange rates under certain circumstances. However, they also recognize the destructive aftermath of freely flexible exchanges on international trade and economic relations generally, and their chief purpose is to create and maintain a system of stable exchange rates. And yet, the Keynes’ system had some radical ideas that went completely contrary to White's conservative plan. Unlike White's theory, where member-countries would deposit their currencies, and together with the government fund then provide the currencies needed by each country for settling its international account, the Keynes’ plan provides an international clearing, where no funds are deposited. Instead, international payment would be effected by debiting the paying country and crediting the receiving country on the books of the union. (The Key nes’ and White Plans) Keynes proposed the establishment of: an International Clearing Union, based on international bank money, called (let us say) bancor , ?xed (but not unalterably) in terms of gold and accepted as the equivalent of gold by the British Commonwealth and the United States and all members of the Union for the purpose of settling international balances. (Keynes, 1980, p.121) The basic idea is simple. Countries would have accounts that would play the same role as reserves, (mainly gold in the early 20th century) and dollars or other foreign exchange currencies. With the account at the International Clearing Union countries do not have to shore up these reserves. They are free to take a loan from the International Clearing Union in times of need and lend if they export more than they import. The de?ation bias caused by trapped reserves, which cannot turn into meaningful demand, would disappear. To prevent accumulation credits or debits Keynes also suggested some measures so in the long run the system self-balance itself. The outcome of the negotiations was the new Bratton Woods system. This system incorporated points, where both plans agreed. Yet, because of the USA's greater negotiating strength, the final decisions of the new system were closer to the conservative plans of Harry Dexter White. According to US economist Brad DeLong, on almost every point where Keynes’ ideas were canceled by the Americans, he was later proved correct by events of history. The Primary Real Causes of the Financial Crisis of 2008 According to the article â€Å"Whither the Dollar† by Katherine Sciacchitano, there are a few reasons and events, which triggered the beginning stages of the financial crisis of 2008. The first is the elimination of capital control. This deepened economic stability in many ways: - It made it easier for capital to search for the lowest possible wages; - It increased the political power of capital by enabling it to â€Å"v ote with its feet† - It fed asset bubbles, increased financial speculation and exchange rate bounce. This increased unregulated capital mobility and speculation weakened the real economy, further exhausted global demand and increased economic instability. As we can see from history, from the eighties on up in countries all around the world an economic crises have occurred about every five years. Another reason of the 2008

The history of National Parks in the United States Research Paper

The history of National Parks in the United States - Research Paper Example This history is also considered as the history of the people who constantly worked hard to preserve and save the land which they loved throughout their lives as United Sates’ residents. The history of United States’ national parks can be traced as far back as the discovery of Yosemite in 1851. The discovery of this place of inspiring beauty elicited events which led to the legislations that were used to protect and preserve land for future generations. White men who were members of an armed battalion entered the Yosemite Valley in 1851 in search of Indians so as to drive them away from their homeland. Those white men then named the valley â€Å"Yosemite†, believing that it was the name of the Indian tribe which lived in that valley. In 1855, James Mason led a group of white men to the discovery of the valley (Gartner 1986). After failing as a gold miner for years, James Mason believed that he could prosper by establishing and running a tourist hotel in Yosemite V alley so as to promote the scenic attractions of California. Four years later, James Mason returned to the same site, but now with a photographer. Later, other writers and artists travelled to the valley and as a result images and word concerning the valley spread fast across the US. This attracted more tourists who were specifically eager to see the beautiful valley by themselves (Gartner 1986). An editor of the New York Tribune called Horace Greeley then wrote about the valley, saying that if the county of California and other relevant authorities do not take care of the safety of the trees in the valley, then he would be sure to deplore it. He perceived that the value of the valley several years later would be very high if care and caution was taken to preserve it. Therefore, the discovery of the valley served as an important path in the history of National Parks in the United States. By late 19th century, actions of the United States to tame the land had come with devastating co nsequences. Entire species of animals had been destroyed and forests had been subjected to outrageous ravage. All these actions were committed in the name of progress. One naturalist named John Muir then expressed his concerns by categorically stating that the great wilds of the United States of America which were once boundless and inexhaustible had now become invaded and destructed completely. Within this period, there were only a handful of concerned Americans who perceived that national parks were the only structures that were considered as the important means to protect the country’s pristine places. A young politician named Theodore Roosevelt was one of the few concerned people as of that moment. Roosevelt was later to become the president of the United States of America and establish five national parks, 51 bird sanctuaries, four national game reserves, 18 monuments and 100 million acres of national forests. In 1890, there were already four national parks established d ue to the concern of the few people who were determined to preserve the environment. Despite the fact that these national parks were under the guard of the army, they were nonetheless subject to great dangers (Albright 1985). Wildlife in the park was constantly killed; park meadows were overgrazed by livestock; tourists provided means for the destruction of rocks and trees through carvings and ancient forests were not spared either. Although the congress had created the

White Collar Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

White Collar Crimes - Essay Example White collar crimes are not as simple as robbery or homicide crimes. These usually involved elaborate methods aimed to conceal the fraudulent activities. As such, investigating such types of crimes requires the same high level thinking and critical analysis. From the description provided above, white collar crimes requires an investigation that covers several fields, ranging from economic and financial activities to a clear understanding of the laws of the land. Therefore, white collar investigators must have in-depth knowledge of economics and finance. Also, investigators must know the economic and business laws. In some cases, investigators are also required to have computer systems know-how as certain white collar crimes involved internet fraud and other activities carried out through computers. White collar investigators need to possess the same critical thinking and analysis that all investigators of any type of crime must have. They must be very detailed and must be able to easily detect unscrupulous activities that may signal the act of committing white collar crimes. Furthermore, they must be firm and must be very good interrogators as solving white collar crimes relies heavily on witness accounts.

Electronic Health Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electronic Health - Research Paper Example E-Health provides services which let the doctors have an access to their patients’ data by maintaining their records and information about their diseases in databases and other e-Health tools, rather than using paper documents. They can assess the data, prepare prescriptions to be sent to the pharmacies via communication technology, get instant and accurate results from the laboratories directly, communicate with their patients on a regular basis no matter which part of the globe they live in, and give better suggestions regarding their health and lifestyle. On the other hand, the patients, here referred to as ePatients, can have access to doctors all around the world with the use of information and communication technology, telemedicine and e-Health systems, get diagnosis (known as remote diagnosis) and treatment regarding their diseases, and thus, remain better informed about their problems in particular and health care in general. There are a lot of e-Health forums, softwar e and web links on the internet which allow e-patients to communicate with their doctors and with other fellow patients as well. ... It has created a trustworthy doctor-patient relationship as e-Health systems ensure the patients’ privacy. It has also made it possible to achieve online education about healthcare through online sources. It provides tools, known as e-Health tools which facilitate health services like diagnosis and treatment. These include electronic databases, mobile monitors, health portals, and many more. E-Health is also cost-effective as money is not spent on staffing and traveling resources. The European Union (EU) is the leader in the development of e-Health systems and tools. According to a rough estimate, EU has spent almost â‚ ¬500 million of research funding on e-Health since 1990 (Europa). Unfortunately, there are a lot of people out there who do not have access to computer and internet, or they have less knowledge about technological advances, and thus they cannot benefit from the services of e-Health, despite the fact that such people are the most deserving of getting proper h ealthcare. In short, E-Health not only acts as a platform where the health care providers, authorities and hospitals can work closer to each other, but also acts as a medium between the doctors and patients- a medium that is just in accordance with the latest technology and the modern era. E-Health is not merely a big step in the new technology, it is also â€Å"a state-of-mind, a way of thinking, an attitude, and a commitment for networked, global thinking, to improve health care locally, regionally, and worldwide by using information and communication technology† (Eysenbach). Table 1 summarizes the advantages of e-Health described so far. Why the issue is important to me? The issue of e-Health is important to me because it can

Definitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Definitions - Essay Example Na+ (sodium ion) is a positive and major ion in fluids outside of body cells. Its major function is to regulate water and fluid levels in the body. Na+ is involved in transmission of nerve impulses (Ganong, 2005). Normal sodium levels in the body is between 135-145mmol/L. High levels of Na+ in the body results to hypernatremia while low levels result to hypernatremia. K+ is a positive ion found inside of body cells. The main function of K+ is to regulate heartbeat and body muscle function. Normal body levels of K+ is between 3.5-5.0mmol/L. An increase in body levels of K+ results to hyperkalemia while a decrease below normal results to hypokalemia. Increase or decrease in K+ levels results to irregular heartbeats known as arrhythmias and can also result in nervous system impairment (Ganong, 2005). Ca++ refers to ionized calcium in the serum. Its main functions are for blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, cell membrane permeability and muscle contraction. Normal blood calcium level ranges between 2.2 -2.6mmol/L. An excess of calcium ions in the serum results to hypercalcemia while a deficit results to hypocalcaemia. A decrease in serum calcium levels results to neuromuscular irritability. Phosphorus (P) main function in the body is it gets distributed as Adenosine-triphosphate which is the main chemical energy for the body. It is a major component of DNA and RNA. It is also essential for teeth and bone formation. High levels of phosphorus in the body results to increase risk of cardiovascular diseases. Normal values of phosphorous in blood range from 2.4-4.1mg/dL (Ganong, 2005). ADH- antidiuretic hormone also gets called as arginine vasopressin. It becomes secreted in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a key role in regulating body water by reducing its loss through urine. It stimulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules. Artrial natriuretic hormone refers to a cardiac hormone whose gene and receptors get found

The economics of ocean resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The economics of ocean resources - Essay Example In summary, Hardin’s article addresses the exploitation of common resources due to individuals self utility maximisation goals. Naturally resources are limited while human wants are not only unlimited but also recur. Rationally, individuals strive to maximally benefit from the available resources, which translate to exploitation of the resources. Hardin notes that, the benefits accruing from the use of these resources accrues to a particular individual while the economic loss associated is shared by the community. The rise in population worsens the impact. Therefore, to a single individual, over- use of the resource is beneficial despite harming the community and hence making greed rational. According to Hardin (1968), freedom to access resources enhances the tragedy. For that reason, Hardin advocates for increased government involvement in utilization of public resources and supports his arguments with failure of the’ invisible hand’ to generate a socially optim al solution in several aspects. Economic theory suggests that increased consumption boosts productivity and increases social welfare. The contradictory result that exists in consumption of common resources, especially the exhaustible ones, is what Hardin referred to as the tragedy, and expounded the definition of tragedy to cover both unhappiness and remorseful actions in life. According to Hardin, and many other scholars, the solution to the commons problem must involve an external controller. Government involvement and privatisation have been marked as the most effective solutions. However, given that the problem is caused by individual’s greed and affects the same individuals, collective action can be termed as not only effective but also a cheaper mode of reducing the tragedy. According to wade, collective action refers to the harmonization of actions by a group to achieve a common interest. As noted earlier, individuals are

Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Apple - Research Paper Example Apple Inc. has been established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in early 1970s when a hobby-machine that a very talented electronic wiz developed for himself and thence they thought to market it. The company has experienced full of highs and lows in its past 30 years as normally expected of a technology company and has still remained far positive despite economic, competitive and marketing challenges it faced. Apple Inc. headquartered in Cupertino, California and incorporated in January 3, 1977, is engaged in designing, developing, manufacturing and marketing of personal computers, communication devices, servers, network solutions, portable music digital players and many other related accessories and peripherals. The company markets and distributed its hardware and software solutions through its own-retail stores, online stores, sales force and third party sellers. The most unique feature of the company was that it has always been prospering on innovation. The company gained a very significant portion of the market in 1990s when it developed personal computer in the brand name Apple II, and when it reinvented the same within the next decade in the brand name Macintosh and thus ultimately to have gained a very deeply-routed brand loyalty with iMac in 1990s. iMac helped the company identify a very vast opportunity of a new market that has been until then hidden and it continually innovated many varying products and services in names of iPod, iPad, iTune, iLife, iPhone, iCloud, and so on. Apple Inc plays pivotal roles or leading shares in different industries such as Personal computer, tablet PCs, Smartphone, operating system etc. Hodgkins (2012) reported Gartner’s release about Apple’s market share in its personal computer industry. Though the report was a bad news for the industry as a whole due to that consumers are spending less on PCs as there are other technologies such as Smartphone and Tablet PCs, the news was very good for Apple that it showed an increase of its sales by 4.3 percent in the second quarter beating the shares of its competitors such as HP, Toshiba and Acer. When it comes to the market of Tablet PCs, the report was interesting that Apple’s share was nearing to its all-time high. In the second quarter of 2012, Apple shipped a total of 17 million Tablet PCs with an increase of 44.1% from the figure of 11.8 million in the first quarter. Apple holds 64.4 % of the total Tablet PCs market share where as the second leading company Samsung holds only 9.9 % of the

Aristotle on akrasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aristotle on akrasia - Essay Example Therefore, making a study or close analysis of the position taken by the great master of philosophy on reasoning and understanding by a novice in the deep and vast ocean of philosophy would be particularly remarkable. In such an endeavour, in this study, a judicious presumption of the position of Aristotle on the question of akresia is arrived at in this paper through a scrupulous discussion of the possible conclusions of the Greek master. Therefore, asked about his position on akresia, provided with two statements, â€Å"akrasia is a familiar everyday phenomenon† and â€Å"akrasia is impossible - whenever we act we are doing what we think best in the circumstances, all things considered; doing what we personally think best, deep down, as distinct from what other people preach at us or nag us about,† Aristotle would hold the estimation that both the statements are true of fact. It is mainly because of the great master’s concern to maintain the firm denial of akre sia with common sense’s affirmation of its possibility and regularity as practiced by Socrates. To go beyond these possible conclusions of Aristotle, it may be maintained that an exploration of the question why people act wrongly even when they know they should not be, which is a relevant topic for discussion even in the current period, makes it clear that the account of Aristotle, at some moment when dealing with the idea of incontinence, is obscure. It is mainly due to the fact that the teachings of Aristotle are not preserved well enough, rather than in Spartan lecture notes. An example of such an inconsistency may be examined as follows. It can be safely stated that the position of akrasia gaudily exhibits what happens if an amalgamation of moral education is not accomplished. The match between appetite and correct behaviour, in an incontinent person, has not been

Know “Joe” Essay Example for Free

Know â€Å"Joe† Essay During the 2008 General Presidential election, candidates John McCain and Barack Obama used media technology to create compelling stories that would hopefully shift public opinion in their favor, especially among undecided voters. With this essay, I will be analyzing one of the more controversial stories that had been flung to the forefront of the election with the release of John McCain’s I am Joe the Plumber advertisement (Kurtz). I will first show how the GOP campaign used the actual Joe Wurzelbacher, the Ohio plumber constantly mentioned by the Republican nominee as the average American middle-class citizen, in this advertisement as a popular symbol in order to try to convince voters that the McCain/Palin ticket identified with the concerns of the average middle-class voter. In contrast to the populist rhetoric of the ad, I argue that this strategy in the end failed due to a shallow and false claim that Senator Obama was in support of a socialist tax agenda that would raise taxes on middle-class incomes under $250,000 (Bumiller). The Joe the Plumber ad begins with an out of context clip of Mr. Obama saying â€Å"I think when you spread the wealth around its good for everybody. † This quote came from a campaign stop in Ohio and is the basis for the entire ‘Joe the Plumber’ phenomenon that changed the way the American public imagined an average citizen. Mr. Wurzelbacher asked Mr. Obama if he would raise taxes on people in his income bracket and this was the off-the-cuff response Mr. Obama gave. The moment was caught on camera and the McCain campaign and tried to paint Mr. Obama as a socialist in their never ending strategy of trying to make Mr. Obama appear like he is out of touch with the current state of politics. Immediately after the opening clip, the camera cuts to a succession of three close-up shots of middle-aged white women saying directly into the camera, â€Å"I am ‘Joe the Plumber’. † Next, a female narrator rhetorically asks, â€Å"Spread the wealth? † as the words themselves dissolve into the group of frowning people on screen. Next, a combined sentence of two men ensues asking, â€Å"I’m supposed to work harder just to pay more taxes? † Then, a skeptical man rhetorically asks, â€Å"Obama wants my sweat to pay for his trillion dollars in new spending? † followed by another woman stating, â€Å"I am Joe the Plumber. † At this point the narrator comes back and says, â€Å"Barack Obama: Higher taxes, more spending, not ready. † These words are bold and flash on-screen shown against a smirking picture of Obama. Of course, the commercial ends with a smiling picture of John McCain with his voiceover, â€Å"I am John McCain, and I approve this message. † It is interesting to note that this campaign had largely been fought through the media. According to a study by the Campaign Media Analysis Group, John McCain’s campaign spent close to $120 million on broadcasting television ads (Election). This figure is hard to believe and it forces the audience to think critically about how much importance the swaying of public opinion has played in this election. With this much campaign money being spent on image creation, it is obvious that every nuance to every advertisement is purposeful in its intention and message. With this in mind, I will describe how the ad changed the way I approached mediated politics. Initially, the ad made me identify with the claims presented, after all, who really wants to pay higher taxes in the middle of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression? The people making these statements in the commercial appear to be average enough: they aren’t shown wearing expensive clothing or fancy jewelry, they talk directly into the camera, and they avoid hyperbole and demonstrate a genuine concern about these issues. Unfortunately for the McCain campaign these claims fall by the wayside upon closer inspection and research. As it turns out, the ‘real’ Samuel Joe Wurzelbacher â€Å"owed back taxes, did not have a plumbing license (he told the Associated Press he doesnt need one because he works for someone elses company), and may not have been registered to vote. † In addition, he has since admitted that under Obama’s proposed plan, he would receive a tax break because he only makes $40,000 a year; not the $250,000 he originally claimed as a small business owner (Chipman). The ‘trillion dollars in new spending’ that the ad claimed also turned out to be based on false information. The non-partisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget calculated that Obama promised a total of $990 billion in new spending over his first four-year term but his proposed spending cuts come to around $989 billion. This means that the net actually balances out (Dobbs). With all these false claims and the millions upon millions of dollars spent, I ultimately felt annoyed and cheated by this advertisement and the overall strategy employed by the Republican ticket. If the McCain campaign was going to continue to resort to attack ads based on false information then what would lead us, the average American public that they so repeatedly claim to identify with, to believe that they would tell the truth about important issues if they would have won the election? Another problem I have, not only with this particular ad, but with the Republican advertising campaign in general is the haste with which they adopt these media symbols without doing very much background checking on them prior to using then them for their own agenda. ‘Joe the Plumber’ is the key example here, but an even more troubling example may be McCain’s choice of Sarah Palin as a running mate. Both ‘Joe’ and Mrs. Palin greatly motivated and energized the Republican side in the short term, but as time progressed and the media and public had the chance to learn more about these campaign catalyst symbols, they eventually turned out to counter-balance the initial jolt they provided. For instance, the media picked up on the story that Governor Palin spent over $150,000 dollars on her campaign wardrobe at extravagant retailers like Saks 5th Avenue (Bumiller). This image directly contradicts the ‘average hockey mom’ mythical portrait that the GOP had fought so hard to perpetuate in order to capture middle-class citizens, especially females. Repeatedly, the Republican campaign of John McCain and Sarah Palin resorted to negative attack ads based on faulty, if not completely false, premises. The ‘Joe the Plumber’ ad continued this troubling trend. In fact, it may be the iconic example that eventually turned the tide against the Republican nominee, especially after considering that the media outted the ‘real’ Samuel Joe Wurzelbacher as a fraud and liar willing to bend his story to fit an ideological narrative. Despite this advertisement’s shaded attack against Barack Obama, in my opinion it actually did more harm to the Republican ticket due to the lack of honesty and the propagandist appeals to an imaginary middle-class whose interests are being manipulated and distorted through the media in order to sway public opinion to gain voter support. Works Cited Bumiller, Elisabeth, Jeff Zeleny. â€Å"McCain and Obama Hurl Broadsides at Each Other Over Taxes and Jobs†. The New York Times. 25 Oct. 2008. http://www. nytimes. com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24campaign. html? ref=politics. Chipman, Kim, Hans Nichols. â€Å"Obama, McCain Pit Plumbers vs Hedge-Fund Managers in Tax Debate. † Bloomberg Press. 23 Oct. 2008. http://www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=20601087sid. Dobbs, Michael. â€Å"Obama’s ‘Trillion Dollar’ Spending Plan†. The Washington Post. 1 Oct. 2008. http://voices. washingtonpost. com/fact-checker/2008/10/obamas. â€Å"Election 2008. † The New York Times. 2 Nov. 2008. http://elections. nytimes. com/2008/president/advertising/index. html Kurtz, Howard. â€Å"McCain Ad: We Are All ‘Joe the Plumber’†. The Washington Post. 22 Oct. 2008. http://voices. washingtonpost. com/the-trail/2008/10/22/mccain.

Coffee Bean Essay Example for Free

Coffee Bean Essay The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf was founded by Mona and Herbert Hyman and it is established in Los Angeles, California in the year 1963. The first Coffee Bean Tea Leaf were established here in Malaysia in 1997. The company offers a wide variety of its own signature beverages that ranges from coffee to non-coffee drinks and launched their very own signature drink; â€Å"The Original Ice Blended† in 1989 and has been the main highlight of its company ever since. We will take a look into the possibility of bringing in a new product that could be a mainstay for the Ice Blended range that is already available here in Malaysia. Currently, the range of its Ice Blended drinks is limited to several coffee and non-coffee drinks. Although from time to time Coffee Bean has been introducing promotional and seasonal Ice Blended drinks, none of these drinks will be served in the main menu after that the promotion is over. With this. Although a majority of Malaysians like to drink coffee oriented drinks, With the introduction of the Honeydew Ice Blended to the market, it will help boost the challenge of bringing in new flavors for the market. Situation Analysis The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf is entering its fifteenth year of operation in Malaysia with many of its products ranging from its well known â€Å"The Original Ice Blended† beverages which carries coffee and non-coffee drinks have been well received by the public. However. 2.2 SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses for the proposed product and describes the opportunities and threats that it will face. 2.2.1 Strength The Honeydew Ice Blended drink is offered during the summer seasons and it is well known as the refreshing summer drink in United States. With summer all year long in the South East Asia region, this product has also been proven as a main-stay in the Philippines and Singapore’s The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf. This product carries a cool, chilling and refreshing sweet taste which suits the pallets of the South East Asian region. 2.2.2 Weaknesses This product may not be suitable for coffee drinkers as the drink does not offer any coffee taste and it’s a fruit oriented drink. It’s also not suitable for those who are watching their calories and diet as the drink carries a high calorie range due to the sweetness and the cream that the drink offers. As this product targets the youth which comprises of teens and working adults in their twenties, some may be price sensitive to this beverage offer as it may be expensive compared to the local. 2.2.3 Opportunities Younger generations, whom fell under the legal drinking age, are known as one of the fastest-growing segments of the beverages market. These generations prefer fresh and upcoming products rather than stagnant products that they have consumed daily. With a brand new product being introduced, it will trigger the targeted younger generation with the enthusiasm to go. The lifestyle factors converger. 2.2.4 Threats Global coffee and tea market have been increasingly growing and it has since been an extremely competitive sector. Coffee Bean Tea Leaf goes up against its closest rivals such as Starbucks, Dome, Cha Time and Old Town Cafà © here in Malaysia. Competition The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf has been a powerhouse brand in providing its ice blended beverages. However, there are companies that do make similar ice blended beverages such as Starbucks and Cha Time. The Coffee Bean Tea Lead has the upper hand because of the creation of the â€Å"The Original Ice Blended† line which gives the company the extra edge. Although the mentioned competitors have been making ice blended beverages, The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf has its own signature way of making these beverages special and cannot be matched with its competitors.

The Morality Play Everyman Is An Allegory Religion Essay

The Morality Play Everyman Is An Allegory Religion Essay The morality play Everyman is an allegory which carries two different levels of meaning. These two different levels of meaning are used to help the audience understand the author and the society in which he lives. The content of this play also helps the reader to better understand the author and his culture. This portrays how each character, idea, moral issue, and ideology of the era is personified. The original audiences of this era understood the role of religion in their lives. They also greatly believed in the reality of death, heaven, hell, and an afterlife. Everyman has three main characters. They are Everyman, Good Deeds, and Knowledge. They play essential roles for the reader to better understand how the author feels society views its way of life. The play Everyman has a literal meaning of an individual named Everyman who goes on a journey to the end of his life and tries to get his friends to accompany him along the way. On Everymans voyage, Good Deeds is the only one who can accompany him into death, and he is the only character that is able to linger with him before the presence of God. Since Knowledge can only lead Everyman to Good Deeds, Knowledge cannot accompany him all the way on his journey before God. Humanity can take this at a literal level in that your friends are influences in your life that help to sway your decisions, but not all will go to the same resting place in death. Now, symbolically Everyman is, of course, the representation of every human being alive. The other basic characters like Fellowship and Goods for ex ample are supposed to be of what every man, so to say, has in life. Some of these basic characters are there to help find lifes true meaning and the fulfillment in things that will last. The moral of the story becomes clear in that we need to examine now what in the end will truly prove to be of value. There are also a set of ideas that are laid out by the author. These ideas are the central propose of the play. One theme or idea indicates that man will always be betrayed by worldly companions, and that each man is eventually selfish when it comes down to the end. This idea of betrayal sheds light on a principle specific to this theme and forces the character Everyman to seek out a superior truth. The superior truth being that death itself is impending, and to be considered the most fear-provoking experience that man will face. This is the fear that according to this culture would make a man need more time because he was not ready for death, and in addition be made to consider his life and deeds. Another theme or idea focuses on the inventible separation or division from loved ones when in the judgment of your lifes actions. This gives the audience the notion that a man is never more alone than during his time of death. Now, the idea that follows is also important for the author an d he wants society to recall this belief. This is when Everyman is feeling most terrified and without help, he is given the chance to compensate for his actions. Still the author perceives that death is unconquerable and that it does not spare any one. The story Everyman seeks to answer the important moral issues. Such as, the conflict between good and evil is drawn out into the open by the communication between characters. This play shows us not only how every man should meet death but also how every man should live. It is saying that how a man lives his life,  whether  good or evil, he would be judged based on his deeds and that all the material things in life cannot grant you salvation. The cultural accounting belief in this society, it is a man and his good deeds that will offer access to heaven. Thus once again, it is only Good Deeds who can accompany Everyman on his final journey. When faced with Gods judgment, mans riches, the unsavory reputation of his friends, and the significance of his family will not speak for his worth. Only the good deeds that a man does here on earth can speak for him before God. Accordingly, good deeds are more important than faith in achieving salvation in this society. The ideology of the play Everyman was intended to help reinforce the importance of God and religion in peoples lives during this time period. In this play, God represents salvation, but it is religion that provides the means to achieve that salvation. This particular drama of the medieval period focus is how religion and a belief in God will help man overcome any travail, including death. Although God appears as a character only at the beginning of the play, his presence is felt throughout as Everyman begins to recognize his need for help beyond the earthly realm. Now, sin is the motivation for this play. It is sin that angers God in the play. It is Everymens sins that force his final judgment. He has sinned much in his life, and the audience is told that his sins are so great that Good Deeds is at a standstill. Only when he can be aware of and abandon his sins can Everyman be saved. I feel that the play Everyman can still be seen and read today with the same ideas and values that existed during the Middle Ages. When you talk to people in everyday life you see their values and morals are all based off of how they live and interact with others. Also when you bring up the concept of death to anyone they normal speak as if they have a life time of waiting before death will come to them and how they will in old age get prepared for death. The morality play Everyman is a drama which has a religious meaning. This meaning is brought to the surface in a symbolic way. This is used to describe the author and the cultural beliefs in which he wrote about. The play portrayed how each character, idea, moral issue, and ideology of the era and how it came to life. This is one of the ways that audiences of this era understood the role of religion in their lives. .

Compare H.G. Wells The Red Room and Farthing House by Susan Hill Essay

Compare H.G. Wells' The Red Room and Farthing House by Susan Hill "There was no mistake about it. The flame vanished, as if the wick had been suddenly nipped between a finger and thumb, leaving the wick neither glowing or smoking, but black." Ghost stories use dark and fear of it as a key element, and most occurrences happen in the night, and/or in the dark. The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast the two short stories - The Red Room by H.G. Wells and Farthing House by Susan Hill. The Red Room was written pre twentieth century and Farthing house was written post twentieth century. I will mainly look at the formulaic structure of the stories and the tension that is built up throughout them by the authors. A good ghost story involves a mixture of tension and an interesting plot or storyline. The formulaic elements - e.g. old houses/graveyards/other sinister settings, threatening housekeepers/guests/noises, staying overnight, dark/night, threatening weather (e.g. storms, thunder) and a death/previous ghostly history all help to create the genre and entice the reader to continue reading. There should be twists in the story, to help make it more interesting, and less predictable. There is also often a lot of mystery involved - mysterious key characters, unknown noises and people etc. The Red Room is a pre-20th century story, written by H.G. Wells in 1896. It is about a room that is allegedly haunted and the story is told by a young man who is spending the night there. He starts off extremely confidently but as the story goes on he becomes more and more frightened and the tension increases. The Red Room is about the personal experience of the young man whilst in the room, and his own fear o... ...ing plots. Some elements of the first formula have stuck, which is why 'The Red Room' and 'Farthing House' are so similar, although written years apart. I think that they have stuck because they are a winning combination that attracts readers. Over time ghost stories have become more popular and some stories have also been shown as films or television programmes. This shows that they are still a popular part of culture and probably will continue to be in the future. Films and television programmes still often stick to the formula - setting and history, for example. However the visual images and plots differ. Farthing House is testimony to this, the setting is similar but the plot and purpose differs. "I was not afraid anymore, not now that I knew who she was and why she had been there, getting out of her bed in Cedar room, to go in search of her baby.

Lady Chatterleys Lover :: essays research papers

Lady Chatterley's Lover The greatness of Lady Chatterley's Lover lies in a paradox: it is simultaneously progressive and reactionary, modern and Victorian. It looks backwards towards a Victorian stylistic formality, and it seems to anticipate the social morality of the late 20th century in its frank engagement with explicit subject matter and profanity. One might say of the novel that it is formally and thematically conservative, but methodologically radical. The easiest of these assertions to prove is that Lady Chatterley's Lover is "formally conservative." By this I mean that there are few evident differences between the form of Lady Chatterley's Lover and the form of the high-Victorian novels written fifty years earlier: in terms of structure; in terms of narrative voice; in terms of diction, with the exception of a very few "profane" words. It is important to remember that Lady Chatterley's Lover was written towards the end of the 1920s, a decade which had seen extensive literary experimentation. The 1920s opened with the publishing of the formally radical novel Ulysses, which set the stage for important technical innovations in literary art: it made extensive use of the stream-of-consciousness form; it condensed all of its action into a single 24-hour span; it employed any number of voices and narrative perspectives. Lady Chatterley's Lover acts in many ways as if the 1920s, and indeed the entire modernist literar y movement, had never happened. The structure of the novel is conventional, tracing a small group of characters over an extended period of time in a single place. The rather preachy narrator usually speaks with the familiar third-person omniscience of the Victorian novel. And the characters tend towards flatness, towards representing a type, rather than speaking in their own voices and developing real three-dimensional personalities. But surely, if Lady Chatterley's Lover is "formally conservative," it can hardly be called "thematically conservative"! After all, this is a novel that raised censorious hackles across the English-speaking world. It is a novel that liberally employs profanity, that more-or-less graphically--graphically, that is, for the 1920s: it is important not to evaluate the novel by the standards of profanity and graphic sexuality that have become prevalent at the turn of the 21st century--describes sex and orgasm, and whose central message is the idea that sexual freedom and sensuality are far more important, more authentic and meaningful, than the intellectual life. So what can I mean by calling Lady Chatterley's Lover, a famously controversial novel, "thematically conservative"?

Anthropology and Gender Essay -- Feminist Anthropology

Though women have played an integral part in the history of the discipline of anthropology, it was not until the early 1970’s that the field of anthropology and gender, or feminist anthropology emerged. Sex and gender roles have always been a vital part of any ethnographic study, but the contributors of this theory began to address the androcentric nature of anthropology itself. The substantial gap in information concerning the study of women was perceived as a male bias, a prejudice made more apparent because what little women-centered fieldwork was done received insufficient attention from the academic community. While anthropology was considered one of the more egalitarian fields of study, it was dominated by white, Western males who focused primarily on the study of men within a society. The women seen in fieldwork were merely identified in regard to their gender specific roles, something these feminist anthropologists hoped to rectify. Those women deserved to be accuratel y portrayed for the part they played in the human experience. The 1960’s and 70’s belonged to a tumultuous period in American history, characterized by an array of social and political movements including anti-Vietnam war activism, the origination of a â€Å"counterculture† which strove for societal liberation, the civil rights movement, and the rise of feminism (McGee & Warms 2011: 396). Women began to question the limitations of their gender, rallying to promote their own rights and interests. Women’s liberation became encompassed within a variety of disciplines, including anthropology, exploring themes found cross-culturally such as patriarchy, discrimination, and objectification. In addition to the cultural anthropological focus on gender inequality, feminis... ... and views of studied societies. Basic anthropological assumptions were questioned when it became evident that the male-centered field had neglected to document women and gender as important aspects of social life. While it is clear that several feminist anthropologists sought to correct the imbalance of knowledge by focusing solely on women and their significant impact upon the development of humankind, the theory has evolved to focus on gender as it relates to power, class, societal construction, and sexuality among others. Works Cited Kuklick, Henrika. 2008 Women in the Field in the Twentieth Century: Revolution, Involution, Devolution? A New History of Anthropology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub. 277-292 McGee, R. Jon, and Richard L. Warms. 2011 Culture and Personality. Anthropological Theory: an Introductory History. New York: McGraw-Hill. 396-436

Last Sacrifice Chapter Thirty-four

I DIDN'T WAKE UP IN the world of the dead. I didn't even wake up in a hospital or some other type of medical center–which, believe me, I'd done plenty of times. No, I woke up in luxury, in a huge bedroom with gilded furniture. Heaven? Probably not with my behaviors. My canopied bed had a red- and-gold velvet comforter, thick enough to be a mattress itself. Candles flickered on a small table against the far wall and filled the room with the scent of jasmine. I had no clue where I was or how I'd gotten here, but as my last memories of pain and darkness played out in my mind, I decided the fact that I was actually breathing was good enough. â€Å"Sleeping Beauty awakens.' That voice †¦ that wonderful, honey-like voice with its soft accent. It enveloped me, and with it came the impossible truth and its full impact: I was alive. I was alive. And Dimitri was here. I couldn't see him but felt a smile come to my lips. â€Å"Are you my nurse?' I heard him get up from a chair and walk over. Seeing him stand over me like that reminded me of just how tall he truly was. He looked down at me with a smile of his own–one of those full and rare smiles. He had cleaned up since last I'd seen him, his brown hair tied neatly back behind his neck, though he hadn't shaved for a couple days. I tried to sit up, but he tsked me back. â€Å"No, no, you need to lie down.' Soreness in my chest told me he was right. My mind might be awake, but the rest of me was exhausted. I had no idea how much time had passed, but something told me my body had been fighting a battle–not with a Strigoi or anything like one, but with itself. A battle to stay alive. â€Å"Then come closer,' I told him. â€Å"I want to see you.' He considered this a moment and then kicked off his shoes. Turning on my side– which made me wince–I managed to wiggle over a little to make room near the bed's edge. He curled up beside me. Our faces rested on the same pillow, only a couple of inches apart as we gazed at each other. â€Å"Is this better?' he asked. â€Å"Much.' With his long, graceful fingers, he reached out and brushed hair from my face before tracing the edge of my cheekbone. â€Å"How are you?' â€Å"Hungry.' He laughed softly and cautiously slid his hand down to rest on my lower back, in a sort of half-embrace. â€Å"Of course you are. I think they've only managed to get broth into you so far. Well, that and IV fluids early on. You're probably in sugar withdrawal.' I cringed. I didn't like needles or tubes and was glad I hadn't been awake to see them. (Tattoo needles were a different matter.) â€Å"How long have I been out?' â€Å"A few days.' â€Å"A few days †¦' I shivered, and he tugged the covers higher on me, thinking I was cold. â€Å"I shouldn't be alive,' I whispered. Gunshots like that †¦ they were too fast, too close to my heart. Or in my heart? I put my hand to my chest. I didn't know precisely where I'd been hit. It all ached. â€Å"Oh Lord. Lissa healed me, didn't she?' It would have taken so much spirit. She shouldn't have done that. She couldn't afford to. Except †¦ why would I still feel pain? If she'd healed me, she would have gone all the way. â€Å"No, she didn't heal you.' â€Å"No?' I frowned, unable to process that. How else would I have survived? A surprising answer came to mind. â€Å"Then †¦ Adrian? He'd never †¦ after how I treated him †¦ no. He couldn't have †¦' â€Å"What, you think he'd let you die?' I didn't answer. The bullets might be long gone, but thinking of Adrian still made my heart–figuratively–ache. â€Å"No matter how he feels †¦' Dimitri hesitated. This was a delicate topic, after all. â€Å"Well, he wouldn't have let you die. He wanted to heal you. But he didn't either.' I felt bad for thinking so little of Adrian. Dimitri was right. Adrian never would have abandoned me out of spite, but I was rapidly running out of options here. â€Å"Then who? Sonya?' â€Å"No one,' he said simply. â€Å"Well, you, I suppose.' â€Å"I †¦ what?' â€Å"People can heal without magic now and then, Rose.' There was amusement in his voice, though his face stayed sober. â€Å"And your wounds †¦ they were bad. No one thought you'd survive. You went into surgery, and then we all just waited.' â€Å"But why †¦' I felt very arrogant, asking the next question. â€Å"Why didn't Adrian or Lissa heal me?' â€Å"Oh, they wanted to, believe me. But in the aftermath, in the chaos †¦ the Court went under lockdown. They were both taken away and put under heavy protection before they could act. No one would let them near you, not when they still thought you might be a murderer. They had to be certain about Tasha first, even though her own actions were pretty damning.' It took me a moment to get past the idea that modern medicine and my body's own stamina had healed me. I'd grown too used to spirit. This didn't seem possible. As I tried to wrap my mind around the concept, the rest of Dimitri's meaning hit me. â€Å"Is Tasha †¦ still alive?' His face fell even more. â€Å"Yes. They caught her right after she shot you–before anyone else got hurt. She's detained, and more evidence has been coming in.' â€Å"Calling her out was one of the hardest things I've ever done,' I said. â€Å"Fighting Strigoi was easier than that.' â€Å"I know. It was hard for me to see, hard for me to believe.' There was a far-off look in his eyes, reminding me that Dimitri had known her longer than he'd known me. â€Å"But she made her choices, and all the charges against you have been dropped. You're a free woman now. More than that. A hero. Abe's bragging that it's all his doing.' That brought my smile back. â€Å"Of course he is. I'll probably get a bill from him soon.' I felt dizzy with both joy and astonishment. A free woman. I'd been burdened with accusations and a death sentence for what felt like years, and now †¦ now it had all disappeared. Dimitri laughed, and I wanted to stay like this forever, just the two of us, sweet and unguarded. Well–maybe not exactly this. I could've done without the pain and thick bandages I felt on my chest. He and I had had so few times alone, moments when we could really relax and openly acknowledge being in love. Things had only begun to mend between us at the end there †¦ and it had almost been too late. It might still be. â€Å"So what now?' I asked. â€Å"I'm not sure.' He rested his cheek against my forehead. â€Å"I'm just so glad †¦ so glad you're alive. I've been so close to losing you so many times. When I saw you on the floor, and there was so much commotion and confusion †¦ I felt so helpless. I realized you were right. We waste our lives with guilt and self-loathing. When you looked at me there at the end †¦ I saw it. You did love me.' â€Å"You doubted?' I meant the words jokingly, but they came out sounding offended. Maybe I was, a little. I'd told him I loved him plenty of times. â€Å"No. I mean, I knew then that you didn't just love me. I realized you really had forgiven me.' â€Å"There was nothing to forgive, not really.' I'd told him that before too. â€Å"I've always believed there was.' He pulled back and looked at me again. â€Å"And that's what was holding me back. No matter what you said, I just couldn't believe it †¦ couldn't believe you would forgive all the things I did to you in Siberia and after Lissa healed me. I thought you were deluding yourself.' â€Å"Well. It wouldn't be the first time I've done that. But no, this time I wasn't.' â€Å"I know, and with that revelation †¦ in that split second that I knew you forgave me and that I really had your love, I was finally able to forgive myself too. All those burdens, those ties to the past †¦ they went away. It was like †¦' â€Å"Being free? Flying?' â€Å"Yes. Except †¦ it came too late. This sounds crazy, but while I was looking down at you, having all these thoughts coming together in my head, it was like †¦ like I could see death's hand reaching for you. And there was nothing I could do. I was powerless. I couldn't help.' â€Å"You did,' I told him. â€Å"The last things I saw before blacking out were you and Lissa.' Well, besides the skeletal faces, but mentioning that would have killed this romantic moment. â€Å"I don't know how I survived getting shot, how I beat the odds †¦ but I'm pretty sure your love–both of you–gave me the strength to fight through. I had to get back to you guys. God only knows what trouble you'd get into without me.' Dimitri had no words for that and answered instead by bringing his mouth to mine. We kissed, lightly at first, and the sweetness of the moment overpowered any pain I felt. The intensity had just barely picked up when he pulled away. â€Å"Hey, what gives?' I asked. â€Å"You're still recovering,' he chastised. â€Å"You might think you're back to normal, but you aren't.' â€Å"This is normal for me. And you know, I thought with all this freedom and self- discovery and expression of our love stuff that we could finally stop with the whole Zen master wisdom and practical advice crap.' This got me an outright grin. â€Å"Roza, that's not going to happen. Take it or leave it.' I pressed a kiss to his lips. â€Å"If it means getting you, I'll take it.' I wanted to kiss him again and prove who really did have greater self-control, but that damned thing called reality set in. â€Å"Dimitri †¦ for real, what happens to us?' â€Å"Life,' he said easily. â€Å"It goes on. We go on. We're guardians. We protect and maybe change our world.' â€Å"No pressure,' I remarked. â€Å"But what's the â€Å"we' and â€Å"guardians' part? I was pretty sure we were out of that career path.' â€Å"Mmm.' He cupped my face, and I thought he might try another kiss. I hoped he would. â€Å"Along with our pardons, we received our guardian status again.' â€Å"Even you? They believe you're not a Strigoi?' I exclaimed. He nodded. â€Å"Huh. Even if I got my name cleared, my ideal future was that we'd get filing jobs near each other.' Dimitri moved closer to me, his eyes sparkling with a secret. â€Å"It gets better: you're Lissa's guardian.' â€Å"What?' I almost pulled away. â€Å"That's impossible. They'd never †¦' â€Å"They did. She'll have others, so they probably figured it was okay to let you hang around if someone else could keep you in line,' he teased. â€Å"You're not †¦' A lump formed in my stomach, a reminder of a problem that had plagued us so long ago. â€Å"You're not one of her guardians too, are you?' It had constantly been a concern, that conflict of interest. I wanted him near me. Always. But how could we watch Lissa and put her safety first if we were worried about each other? The past was returning to torment us. â€Å"No, I have a different assignment.' â€Å"Oh.' For some reason, that made me a little sad too, even though I knew it was the smarter choice. â€Å"I'm Christian's guardian.' This time I did sit up, doctor's orders or no. Stitches tugged in my chest, but I ignored the sharp discomfort. â€Å"But that's †¦ that's practically the same thing!' Dimitri sat up too and seemed to be enjoying my shock, which was really kind of cruel, seeing as I'd almost died and everything. â€Å"A little. But they won't be together every moment, especially with her going to Lehigh. He's not going †¦ but they'll keep coming back to each other. And when they do, so will we. It's a good mix. Besides †¦' He grew serious again. â€Å"I think you've proved to everyone that you're willing to put her life first.' I shook my head. â€Å"Yeah, but no one was shooting at you. Only her.' I said it lightly, but it did make me wonder: what would I do if they were both in trouble?Trust him, a voice in my head said. Trust him to take care of himself. He'll do the same for you. I eyed Dimitri, recalling a shadow in my periphery back in the ballroom. â€Å"You followed when I jumped in front of Lissa, didn't you? Who were you going for? Me or her?' He studied me for several long seconds. He could have lied. He could have given the easy answer by saying he'd intended to push both of us out of the way–if that was even possible, which I didn't recall. But Dimitri didn't lie. â€Å"I don't know, Roza. I don't know.' I sighed. â€Å"This isn't going to be easy.' â€Å"It never is,' he said, pulling me into his arms. I leaned against his chest and closed my eyes. No, it wouldn't be easy, but it would be worth it. As long as we were together, it would be worth it. We sat like that for a long time, until a discrete knock at the half-open door broke us apart. Lissa stood in the doorway. â€Å"Sorry,' she said, her face shining with joy when she saw me. â€Å"Should have put a sock on the door. Didn't realize things were getting hot and heavy.' â€Å"No avoiding it,' I said lightly, clasping Dimitri's hand. â€Å"Things are always hot with him around.' Dimitri looked scandalized. He'd never held back when we were in bed together, but his private nature wouldn't let him even hint about such matters to others. It was mean, but I laughed and kissed his cheek. â€Å"Oh, this is going to be fun,' I said. â€Å"Now that everything's out in the open.' â€Å"Yeah,' he said. â€Å"I got a pretty â€Å"fun' look from your father the other day.' He gave Lissa a quick, knowing glance and then stood up. Leaning down, he kissed the top of my head. â€Å"I should go and let you two talk.' â€Å"Will you be back?' I asked as he moved to the door. He paused and smiled at me, and those dark eyes answered my questions and so much more. â€Å"Of course.' Lissa took his spot, sitting on the bed's edge. She hugged me gingerly, no doubt worried about my injuries. She then scolded me for sitting up, but I didn't care. Happiness surged through me. I was so glad she was okay, so relieved, and– And I had no idea how she felt. The bond was gone. And not like during the jail escape, when she'd put the wall up. There was simply nothing there between us. I was with myself, completely and utterly alone, just as I had been years ago. My eyes widened, and she laughed. â€Å"I wondered when you'd notice,' she said. â€Å"How †¦ how is this possible?' I was frozen and numb. The bond. The bond was gone. I felt like my arm had been amputated. â€Å"And how do you know?' She frowned. â€Å"Part of it's instinct †¦ but Adrian saw it. That our auras aren't connected anymore.' â€Å"But how? How could that happen?' I sounded crazy and desperate. The bond couldn't be gone. It couldn't. â€Å"I'm not entirely sure,' she admitted, her frown deepening. â€Å"I talked about it a lot with Sonya and, uh, Adrian. We think when I brought you back the first time, it was spirit alone that held you back from the land of the dead and that kept you tied to me. This time †¦ you nearly died again. Or maybe you did for a moment. Only, you and your body fought your way back. It was you who got out, with no help from spirit. And once that happened †¦' She shrugged. â€Å"Like I said, we're only guessing. But Sonya thinks once your own strength broke you away, you didn't need any help being pulled back from death. You did it on your own. And when you freed yourself of spirit, you freed yourself from me. You didn't need a bond to keep you with the living.' It was crazy. Impossible. â€Å"But if †¦ if you're saying I escaped the land of the dead, I'm not, like, immortal or anything, am I?' Lissa laughed again. â€Å"No, we're certain of that. Sonya explained it, saying anything alive can die, and as long as you've got an aura, you're alive. Strigoi are immortal but not alive, so they don't have auras and–‘ The world spun. â€Å"I'll take your word for it. I think maybe I do need to lie down.' â€Å"That's probably a good idea.' I gently eased myself onto my back. Desperately needing distraction from what I'd just learned–because it was still too surreal, still impossible to process–I eyed my surroundings. The lush room was bigger than I'd previously realized. It kept going and going, branching into other rooms. It was a suite. Maybe an apartment. I could just make out a living room with leather furniture and a flat screen TV. â€Å"Where are we are?' â€Å"In palace housing,' she replied. â€Å"Palace housing? How'd we end up here?' â€Å"How do you think?' she asked dryly. â€Å"I †¦' I couldn't work my mouth for a moment. I needed no bond to realize what had happened. Another impossibility had occurred while I'd been out of it. â€Å"Crap. They had the election, didn't they? They elected you queen, once Jill was there to stand in for your family.' She shook her head and almost laughed. â€Å"My reaction was a little stronger than â€Å"crap,' Rose. Do you have any idea what you've done?' She looked anxious, stressed, and totally overwhelmed. I wanted to be serious and comforting for her sake †¦ but I could feel a goofy grin spreading over my face. She groaned. â€Å"You're happy.' â€Å"Liss, you were meant for this! You're better than any of the other candidates.' â€Å"Rose!' she cried. â€Å"Running for queen was supposed to be a diversion. I'm only eighteen.' â€Å"So was Alexandra.' Lissa shook her head in exasperation. â€Å"I'm so sick of hearing about her! She lived centuries ago, you know. I think people died when they were thirty back then. So she was practically middle-aged.' I caught hold of her hand. â€Å"You're going to be great. It doesn't matter how old you are. And it's not like you have to call meetings and analyze law books all on your own, you know. I mean, I'm sure not going to do any of that, but there are other smart people. Ariana Szelsky didn't make the last test, but you know she'll help if you ask her to. She's still on the Council, and there are others you can rely on. We just have to find them. I believe in you.' Lissa sighed and looked down, her hair hanging forward in a curtain. â€Å"I know. And part of me is excited, like this will restore my family's honor. I think that's what's saved me from a total breakdown. I didn't want to be queen, but if I have to †¦ then I'm going to do it right. I feel like †¦ like I have the world at my fingertips, like I can do so much good. But I'm so afraid of messing up too.' She looked up sharply. â€Å"And I'm not giving up on the rest of my life either. I guess I'm going to be the first queen in college.' â€Å"Cool,' I said. â€Å"You can IM with the Council from campus. Maybe you can command people to do your homework.' She apparently didn't think the joke was as funny as I did. â€Å"Going back to my family. Rose †¦ how long did you know about Jill?' Damn. I'd known this part of the conversation would eventually be coming. I averted my eyes. â€Å"Not really that long. We didn't want to stress you until we knew it was real,' I added hastily. â€Å"I can't believe †¦' She shook her head. â€Å"I just can't believe it.' I had to go on her tone, not the bond. It was so strange, like losing one of my key senses. Sight. Hearing. â€Å"Are you upset?' â€Å"Of course I am! How can you be surprised?' â€Å"I figured you'd be happy †¦' â€Å"Happy to find out my dad cheated on my mom? Happy to have a sister I hardly know? I've tried to talk to her, but †¦' Lissa sighed again. â€Å"It's so weird. Almost weirder than suddenly being queen. I don't know what to do. I don't know what to think of my father. And I sure as hell don't know what to do with her.' â€Å"Love them both,' I said softly. â€Å"They're your family. Jill's great, you know. Get to know her. Be excited.' â€Å"I don't know if I can. I think you're more of a sister to me than she'll ever be.' Lissa stared off at nothing. â€Å"And of all people †¦ I was convinced for so long that there was something going on between her and Christian.' â€Å"Well, out of all the worries in your world, that's one you can let go because it's not true.' But within her comment was something dark and sad. â€Å"How isChristian?' She turned back to me, her eyes full of pain. â€Å"He's having a hard time. I am too. He visits her. Tasha. He hates what she did, but †¦ well, she's still his family. It hurts him, but he tries to hide it. You know how he is.' â€Å"Yeah.' Christian had spent a good portion of his life masking dark feelings with snark and sarcasm. He was a pro at fooling others about how he truly felt. â€Å"I know he'll be better in time †¦ I just hope I can be there for him enough. So much is happening. College, being queen †¦ and always, always, there's spirit there, pressing down on me. Smothering me.' Alarm shot through me. And panic. Panic over something far worse than not knowing what Lissa was feeling or where she was. Spirit. I was afraid of spirit–and the fact that I couldn't fight it for her. â€Å"The darkness †¦ I can't absorb it anymore. What will we do?' A twisted smile crossed her lips. â€Å"You mean, what will I do. It's my problem now, Rose. Like it always should have been.' â€Å"But, no †¦ you can't. St. Vladimir–‘ â€Å"Isn't me. And you can protect me from some things but not all.' I shook my head. â€Å"No, no. I can't let you face spirit alone.' â€Å"I'm not exactly alone. I talked to Sonya. She's really good at healing charms and thinks there's a way to keep myself in balance.' â€Å"Oksana said the same thing,' I recalled, feeling hardly reassured. â€Å"And †¦ there's always the antidepressants. I don't like them, but I'm queen now. I have responsibilities. I'll do what I have to. A queen gives up everything, right?' â€Å"I guess.' I couldn't help feeling frightened. Useless. â€Å"I'm just so worried about you, and I don't know how to help you anymore.' â€Å"I told you: you don't have to. I'll protect my mind. Your job's to protect my body, right? And Dimitri will be around too. It'll all be okay.' The conversation with Dimitri came back to me. Who were you going for? Me or her? I gave her the best smile I could. â€Å"Yeah. It'll all be okay.' Her hand squeezed mine. â€Å"I'm so glad you're back, Rose. You'll always be part of me, no matter what. And honestly †¦ I'm kind of glad you can't see my sex life anymore.' â€Å"That makes two of us.' I laughed. No bond. No magical attachment. It was going to be so strange, but really †¦ did I need it? In real life, people formed bonds of another nature. Bonds of love and loyalty. We would get through this. â€Å"I'll always be there for you, you know. Anything you need.' â€Å"I know,' she said. â€Å"And actually †¦ I need you for something now †¦' â€Å"Name it,' I said. She did.

The Overhead Projector (Ohp)

The operating cost Projector (OHP) August 24, 2012 Introduction Overhead Projectors argon still being utilize in a lot of schools, like in the Philippines. It is non as modern as other equipments, but it still serves its conclude which is to show en stupendousd images on separate. I. translation The Overhead Projector is an optical device for masking images on screen, usually for group viewing. The OHP is in the first place used for projecting charts, sketches, and other temporal prepargond on sheets of transp atomic number 18nt plastic. II. Techniques You sack show pictures and diagrams, using a cursor on the transparency to direct assistance to a detail. The silhouette of your pointer put up show in motion on the screen. You gage use a felt up paper or wax-based pencil to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder details or to make points on the transparency during projection. You clear promise the browse of presenting information by covering a transparency with a sheet of paper or cardboard ( obscure textile) and then exposing selective information as you are ready to converse individually point. This is known as the continuous tense Disclosure Technique. You can superimpose supernumerary transparency sheets as overlays on a base transparency so as to separate processes and complex ideas into elements and present them in step-by-step order. You can show three-dimensional targets from the stage of the projector-in silhouette if the object is opaque or in color if an object is made of transparent color plastic. You can move overlays back and forth crosswise the base in order to rearrange elements of diagrams or problems. For special purpose, you can dissemble motion on parts of a transparency by using the effectuate of polarized light. You can simultaneously project on an adjacent screen other ocular materials, usually slides or motion pictures, which exemplify or apply the generalization shown on a transparency. Other reminder s on the rough-and-ready use of the OHP are Stand off-key to one side of the OHP while you look the scholarly persons. wearyt talk on the screen. Face the students when you talk, not the screen. Place the OHP to your right, if you are right handed, and to your leftfield if you are left handed. Place the OHP on a postpone low enough so that it does not block you or the screen. Have the buy the farm of the screen tilted forward towards the OHP to disallow the keystone effect (where the top of the screen is self-aggrandizingr than the bottom). Avoid the mistake of including withal a good deal detail on each image. A simple layout makes an effective slide. If an earshot needs to be given details, provide handouts to be studied later. Avoid Brobdingnagian tables of figures. Come up with graphic presentations. Dont read the text on your slide. Your audience can read. Avoid in addition much text. Rely sparingly on printed text. Come up with more graphs, diagrams, or p ictures. Your presentation must be percipient from afar. Simple use of color can add effective emphasis. III. Advantages The projector itself is simple to operate. The OHP is used in the front of the room by the teacher who has complete control of the sequence, timing, and consumption of this material. Facing his class and observing student reactions, the instructor can guide his audience, control its attention, and regulate the flow of information in the presentation. The projected image behind the instructor can be as large as necessary for all in the audience to see it is clear and bright, even so in fairly well-lighted rooms. Since the transparency, as it is placed on the projector, is seen by the instructor exactly as students see it on the screen, he may point, write, or other make indications upon it to facilitate communication. The stage (projection mount) of the projector is large (10 by 10 inches), thus allowing the teacher to write information with ease or to s how prepared transparencies. It is especially simple for teachers and students to create their own materials for use in the OHP. An increasing number of high-quality commercial transparencies. Brown, 1969) IV. Limitations It requires a constant power supply and a white flat surface on which its image can be projected. If the surface is not suitably inclined at the correct angle, the image will stay from a phenomenon called keystone effect. Handwritten material can look sloppy if not pre-prepared. Presenter and audience can be distracted by the lights glare. Lamps can combustion out and interrupt a presentation. thick The Overhead Projector is indeed a real versatile equipment. With prepared materials, we can do so much in a short time.We can save much time when we present our lectures on transparencies sooner of writing notes or drawings naively on the chalkboard. Also, by culture how to use it properly, we are able to realize our instructional objectives, and adopting them in teaching ensures a lasting learning for our students. Sources Educational Technology 1 by Brenda B. Corpuz Paz I. Lucido http//www. safetyxchange. org/training-and-leadership/part-3-overhead-projectors http//www. buzzle. com/articles/what-is-an-overhead-projector. html New Standard cyclopaedia (Volume 13) pp. 592-593

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, true religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems what are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if part she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of how her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs.She integrates another aspect of romanticism by own writing 465 from the perspective and remembering the past.They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, what was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a mere fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one c lose person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can good cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes how she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with most surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature.Shes considered one of the clinical most well-known artists.

The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this epic poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116.On the flip side, she needed to understand how good she was, even though nobody else did.This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, from where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus snow bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the young female â₠¬â€œ the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own special needs to satisfy him.Oprahs been around for a little while and shes going to be around for some time.

As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the young woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identity of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson lean manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The old female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter wired and the gun that has discarded its gender.Its not known precisely when Emily started to compose poetry.† (Rich) part She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much come closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too complimentary close against the b arriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to longer His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very perfect active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily very Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poem depicting the idea of a late Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, keyword with her own needs coming last.She might have wore white as a means.

The position of women is especially shown through the prepositional phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, great but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem empty can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the political opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson.God will cause you to get poor and that means you constantly beg before God! Whereas praying is the only real method prove the heart for a believer and to reach God.Certainly, she she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second second sta nza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice what her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices what her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage.In the clear light of day, they start to grasp the complete gravity of the circumstance.

Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the little lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life.Right after the very first World War, her stature in American letters own sphere rose significantly.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman long waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the late summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting.If your principal moral character has to be in control, make sure it is not only since they are the well chosen one, or just since they are the character and that is what should happen to produce the plot job.

A same year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is only lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning how that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that how she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being start with him in the end.There are a lot of methods to boost a book on birds.Time is annoying her such like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and how this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally doesn’t know what the future brings.Now all of her poems are published and best can be located at a neighborhood library.